Simple .NET/ASP.NET PDF document editor web control SDK

The first 32 values from 0x00 0x19, and also the very last value, 0x7F, are called control characters, and include things like the tab character (0x09), backspace (0x09), bell (0x07), and delete (0x7F) The rest are called the printable characters, and include space (0x20), which is not a control character, but a blank printable character; all the upper and lowercase letters; and most of the punctuation marks in common use in English This was a start, but it rapidly became apparent that ASCII did not have enough characters to deal with a lot of the common Western ( Latin ) scripts; the accented characters in French, or Spanish punctuation marks, for example It also lacked common characters like the international copyright symbol , or the registered trademark symbol .

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instead of the live version. It is easy to make a mistake in an SQL statement that renders the contents of an entire database useless. Using a development database instead of the production database (used for the real stuff) can save you huge headaches. At best, you will not have to restore the database from backups; at worst, it can save your job.

Since ASCII uses only 7 bits, and most computers use 8-bit bytes, the obvious solution was to put the necessary characters into byte values not used by ASCII Unfortunately, different mappings between byte values and characters emerged in different countries These mappings are called code pages If you bought a PC in, say, Norway, it would use a code page that offered all of the characters required to write in Norwegian, but if you tried to view the same file on a PC bought in Greece, the non-ASCII characters would look like gibberish because the PC would be configured with a Greek code page IBM defined Latin-1 (much later updated and standardized as ISO-8859-1) as a single code page that provides most of what is required by most of the European languages that use Latin letters Microsoft defined the Windows-1252 code page, which is mostly (but not entirely) compatible.

Apple defined the Mac-Roman encoding, which has the same goal, but is completely different again All of these encodings were designed to provide a single solution for Western European scripts, but they all fall short in various different ways Dutch, for example, is missing some of its diphthongs This is largely because 8 bits just isn t enough to cover all possible characters in all international languages Chinese alone has well over 100,000 characters..

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, standardization efforts were underway to define an internationally acceptable encoding that would allow characters from all scripts to be represented in a reasonably consistent manner. This became the Unicode standard, and is the one that is in use in the .NET Framework. Unicode is a complex standard, as might be expected from something that is designed to deal with all current (and past) human languages, and have sufficient flexibility to deal with most conceivable future changes, too. It uses numbers to define more than 1 million code points in a codespace. A code point is roughly analogous to a character in other encodings, including formal definitions of special categories such as graphic characters, format characters, and control characters. It s possible to represent a sequence of code points as a sequence of 16-bit values. You might be wondering how we can handle more than 1 million characters, when there are only 65,536 different values for 16-bit numbers. The answer is that we can team up pairs of characters. The first is called a high surrogate; if this is then followed by a low surrogate, it defines a character outside the normal 16-bit range. Unicode also defines complex ways of combining characters. Characters and their diacritical marks can appear consecutively in a string, with the intention that they become combined in their ultimate visual representation; or you can use multiple characters to define special ligatures (characters that are joined together, like ). The .NET Framework Char, then, is a 16-bit value that represents a Unicode code point.

Each database connection is represented by a QSqlDatabase object, and the connections are made via a driver. After picking a driver, you can set up the relevant properties such as hostName, databaseName, userName, and password. After the connection is set up, you have to open it before you can work with it. To avoid having to pass around the same QSqlDatabase object, the entire QtSql module has the concept of the default connection. As long as you connect to one database at a time, all the classes interacting with databases already know which connection to use. Listing 13-1 shows a connection to a MySQL server being set up and established. The process is easy. First you add a database connection using the QMYSQL driver through the static